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The raids were accompanied by "a horde of Muslim refugees impotence pumps generic tadalafil 10mg with visa, men and women erectile dysfunction pills for sale buy 10mg tadalafil mastercard, young and old erectile dysfunction at age 20 buy 20mg tadalafil mastercard, who were driven by hunger and erectile dysfunction doctor specialty 5 mg tadalafil fast delivery, in many cases, a thirst for revenge. Some of the refugees used pistols to do the killing; others used knives, bats, and hatchets. But most of them had nothing but their bare hands and the empty rucksacks and suitcases they strapped onto their backs. Quoted in Mark Danner, "The Killing Fields of Bosnia," New York Review of Books, September 24, 1998 (citing reporting by Roy Gutman of Newsday). Stated one European diplomat: "Until now at least the international community has been united in its condemnation of ethnic cleansing. Now it seems one of its members is openly supporting the mass movement of population by the most terrible force. Nicholas Wheeler, Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. Another reporter estimates that 500 men were killed in the Meja massacre: see Joshua Hammer, "On the Trail of Hard Truth," Newsweek, July 9, 2000. An additional three mass grave sites, containing more than 1,000 bodies, were found in a Belgrade suburb and awaited exhumation. Each of the newly discovered sites lies near Yugoslav army or police barracks" (pp. Sumantra Bose, Bosnia after Dayton: Nationalist Partition and International Intervention (London: Horst & Co. David Chandler, Bosnia: Faking Democracy after Dayton (2nd edn) (London: Pluto Press, 1999), p. At least one million Bengalis, perhaps as many as three million,1 were massacred by the security forces of West Pakistan, assisted by local allies. Only recently has its prominence slightly increased, as a result of a handful of education and memorialization projects. Both conflicts had at their core a militarized security threat; a crisis surrounding secession of federal units; and ethnic conflict. On a strategic and tactical level, both genocides featured strong elements of "eliticide" (the destruction of the socioeconomic and intellectual elites of a target group), as well as the gendercidal targeting of adult and adolescent males (see Chapter 13). As independence loomed after the Second World War, two distinct political projects arose. The partition of India in 1947 witnessed one of the greatest movements of peoples in modern times, as millions of Muslims fled India for Pakistan, and millions of Hindus moved in the other direction. West Pakistan, home to some fifty-five million people in 1971, was predominantly Urdu-speaking. Most were Muslim, but there was also a large Bengali Hindu minority (the Biharis) who suffered especially savage treatment during the genocide. Even Bengali Muslims were viewed as second-class citizens by the inhabitants of wealthier West Pakistan. The [minority] Hindus among the Bengalis were as Jews to the Nazis: scum and vermin that [had] best be exterminated. The spark for the conflagration came in December 1970, in national elections held to pave the way for a transition from military rule. This gave the League a majority in the Pakistani Parliament as a whole, and the right to form the next government. After negotiations failed to resolve the impasse, Khan met with four senior generals on February 22, 1971, and issued orders to annihilate the Awami League and its popular base. The terror sparked an epic flight by Bengalis: "it was estimated that in April some thirty million people [! With the opening eliticide accomplished, the West Pakistani leadership moved to eradicate the nationalist base.

Though vegetarian weight lifters and athletes the Sexual Politics of Meat 57 in other fields have demonstrated the equation to be fallacious erectile dysfunction frequency age order 5 mg tadalafil with visa, the myth remains: men are strong erectile dysfunction ugly wife generic 10mg tadalafil with visa, men need to be strong erectile dysfunction drugs bayer tadalafil 20mg otc, thus men need meat erectile dysfunction cream buy tadalafil 20mg cheap. Irving Fisher took the notion of "strength" from the definition of meat eating as long ago as 1906. Fisher suggested that strength be measured by its lasting power rather than by its association with quick results, and compared meat-eating athletes with vegetarian athletes and sedentary vegetarians. Endurance was measured by having the participants perform in three areas: holding their arms horizontally for as long as possible, doing deep knee bends, and performing leg raises while lying down. He concluded that the vegetarians, whether athletes or not, had greater endurance than meat eaters. Vegetables, a generic term meat eaters use for all foods that are not meat, have become as associated with women as meat is with men, recalling on a subconscious level the days of Woman the Gatherer. Since women have been made subsidiary in a male-dominated, meateating world, so has our food. The foods associated with second-class citizens are considered to be second-class protein. Just as it is thought a woman cannot make it on her own, so we think that vegetables cannot make a meal on their own, despite the fact that meat is only secondhand vegetables and vegetables provide, on the average, more than twice the vitamins and minerals of meat. The message is clear: the vassal vegetable should content itself with its assigned place and not attempt to dethrone king meat. The Male Language of Meat Eating Men who decide to eschew meat eating are deemed effeminate; failure of men to eat meat announces that they are not masculine. During the 1973 meat boycott, men were reported to observe the boycott when dining out with their wives or eating at home, but when they dined without their wives, they ate London Broil and other meats. In many ways, gender inequality is built into the species inequality that meat eating proclaims, because for most cultures obtaining meat was performed by men. Meat was a valuable economic commodity; those who controlled this commodity achieved power. If men were the hunters, then the control of this economic resource was in their hands. When meat becomes an important element within a more closely organized economic system so that there exist rules the Sexual Politics of Meat 59 for its distribution, then men already begin to swing the levers of power. This is because women are and have been the gatherers of vegetable foods, and these are invaluable resources for a culture that is plant-based. Yet, where women gather vegetable food and the diet is vegetarian, women do not discriminate as a consequence of distributing the staple. By providing a large proportion of the protein food of a society, women gain an essential economic and social role without abusing it. Sanday summarizes one myth that links male power to control of meat: the Mundurucu believe that there was a time when women ruled and the sex roles were reversed, with the exception that women could not hunt. The trumpets contained the spirits of the ancestors who demanded ritual offerings of meat. Since women did not hunt and could not make these offerings, men were able to take the trumpets from them, thereby establishing male dominance. Originally generic terms, they are now closely associated with their specific referents. Meat no longer means all foods; the word man, we realize, no longer includes women. Meat represents the essence or principal part of something, according to the American Heritage Dictionary. Vegetable, on the other hand, represents the least desirable characteristics: suggesting or like a vegetable, as in passivity or dullness of existence, monotonous, inactive. Meat is something one enjoys or excels in, vegetable becomes representative of someone who does not enjoy anything: a person who leads a monotonous, passive, or merely physical existence. Whereas its original sense was to be lively, active, it is now viewed as dull, monotonous, passive. To vegetate is to lead a passive existence; just as to be feminine is to lead a passive existence. In addition, vegetables are thought to have a tranquilizing, dulling, numbing effect on people who consume them, and so we can not possibly get strength from them. Examples from the 1988 Presidential Campaign in which each candidate was belittled through equation with being a vegetable illustrates this patriarchal disdain for vegetables. Hegel makes this clear: "The difference between men and women is like that between animals and plants.

The federal government participates in regulating wind energy projects through several different agencies condom causes erectile dysfunction tadalafil 10mg cheap, depending on the circumstances erectile dysfunction treatment levitra generic tadalafil 2.5mg with mastercard. This statement includes best management practices for wind energy projects hypothyroidism causes erectile dysfunction cheap 2.5mg tadalafil otc, sets standard requirements for projects erectile dysfunction pills in store buy generic tadalafil 2.5mg online, and allows for sitespecific studies. Roads, project infrastructure, and foundations at some wind project sites have the potential to affect wetlands. Projects must also comply with the Endangered Species Act if any threatened or endangered species will be adversely affected. To date, no wind energy companies have faced action under either law, but flagrant violations without mitigation could be subject to prosecution. Wind energy companies planning a project near an Air Force base, however, generally work with base leadership to address and avoid conflicts. The team reviews how wind sites affect government assets such as radar installations, and decides how to plan for and mitigate those impacts. Examples below reflect what mature energy industries are doing to address concerns about wildlife and energy facility siting issues. The approaches described outline steps that could be adopted for a 20% Wind Scenario. Several research collaboratives have been formed (see sidebar entitled "Examples of Existing Wind Energy Research Collaboratives") to ensure that the interests of various stakeholders are represented, that research questions are relevant, and that research results are widely disseminated. Collaboratives can help to avoid relying on industry-driven research, which critics often perceive as biased. Although the risk to bats might be greater at some sites than at others, it is not necessarily feasible or appropriate for one company or one project to foot the entire bill for this research. This organization has developed a research program to explore ways to reduce fatalities. Its work currently centers on two areas: (1) understanding and quantifying what makes a site more risky for bats and (2) field-testing deterrent devices to warn bats away from wind turbine blades. The group released a report, Studying Wind Energy/Bird Interactions: A Guidance Document, which is the first-ever comprehensive guide to metrics and methods for determining and monitoring potential impacts on birds at existing and proposed wind energy sites. It is subdivided into a number of groups focused on specific tasks, such as development of a "mitigation toolbox. As development levels ramp up, an overarching research consortium that would combine the work of these collaboratives could focus on addressing potential risks and ensuring that the most critical uncertainties are research priorities. As the more focused groups come together in a region, they could examine some of the habitat and biological sensitivity issues to understand which areas are most appropriate for development. These groups, or a larger institute, could also identify priority conservation areas and work toward enhancing key habitat areas. A region, for example, might decide to open to development because new transmission lines are planned. In this case, a collaborative research body could determine what baseline wildlife and habitat studies are needed; organize and fund researchers to begin the work; and determine what mitigation, habitat conservation, or other activities might be appropriate for the area. In Europe, for example, tax law allows individuals to invest directly in wind projects. Those individuals 122 20% Wind Energy by 2030 might well view their turbines as a source of income and feel more positive about the siting of turbines nearby. In the United States, examples of direct community impacts include: z Community wind: Groups of individuals join together to develop and own a project. Although this can be risky because of the significant complexity and capital required to successfully build a wind project, the rewards are significant. A town or municipality sometimes purchases a turbine to generate power and lower public electricity bills. These groups might develop a smaller project in conjunction with a commercial development to leverage the economies of scale available for turbine purchases, construction, and operations and maintenance.

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To do the download erectile dysfunction meds best 20mg tadalafil, the terminal connects to a back-end server using either the Internet or a dial-up connection drugs for erectile dysfunction ppt buy tadalafil 5mg with visa. When a card is inserted into the reader impotence kegel exercises purchase tadalafil 10mg overnight delivery, the application checks to see if the card is a voter card erectile dysfunction cause of divorce cheap tadalafil 10mg visa, administrator card, or ender card. If the user entered a voter card, then DoVote() is invoked (here DoVote() is an actual function; it does not belong to any class). At this point the voting terminal would offer the ability to upload the election results to some back-end server for final tabulation. Because of a lack of cryptography, there is no secure authentication of the smartcard to the voting terminal. This means that nothing prevents an attacker from using his or her own homebrew smartcard in a voting terminal. One might naturally wonder how easy it would be for an attacker to make such a homebrew smartcard. First, we note that user-programmable smartcards and smartcard readers are available commercially over the Internet in small quantities and at reasonable prices. Second, an attacker who knows the protocol spoken between voting terminals and legitimate smartcards could easily implement a homebrew card that speaks the same protocol. We shall shortly consider how an attacker might go about learning the protocol if he or she does not know it a priori. In short, all the necessary information to create homebrew counterfeit smartcards is readily available. In the next subsections we consider attacks that an adversary could mount after creating homebrew cards. We find the issues we uncovered to be particularly distressing as modern smartcard designs allow cryptographic operations to be performed directly on the smartcard, making it possible to create systems that are not as easily vulnerable to such security breaches. It turns out that adversaries, including regular voters, who do not know a priori the protocol between the smartcard and the terminal can "easily" learn the protocol, thereby allowing them to produce homebrew voter cards. An adversary, such as a poll worker, with the ability to interact with a legitimate administrator or ender card could also learn enough information to produce homebrew administrator and ender cards (Section 3. Let us consider several ways that an adversary could learn the protocol between voter cards and voting terminals. After voting, instead of returning the canceled card to the poll-worker, the adversary could return a fake card that records how it is reprogrammed, and then dumps that information to a collaborating attacker waiting in line to vote. Alternatively, the attacker could attach a "wiretap" device between the voting terminal and a legitimate smartcard and observe the communicated messages. The parts for building such a device are readily available and, depending on the setup at each voting location, might be unnoticed by poll workers. We comment again that these techniques work because the authentication process is completely deterministic and lacks any sort of cryptography. Since an adversary can make perfectly valid smartcards, the adversary could bring a stack of active cards to the voting booth. Note here that the adversary could be a regular voter, and not necessarily an election insider. To answer this question, we must first consider what information is encoded on the voter cards on a per-voter basis. If we assume the number of collected votes becomes greater than the number of people who showed up to vote, and if the polling locations keep accurate counts of the number of people who show up to vote, then the back-end system, if designed properly, should be able to detect the existence of counterfeit votes. The solution proposed by one election official, to have everyone vote again, does not seem like a viable solution. The administrator cards give the possessor the ability to access administrative functionality (the administrative dialog BallotStation/AdminDlg. This attack is easiest if the attacker has knowledge of the Diebold code or can interact with a legitimate administrator or ender card, since otherwise the attacker would not know what distinguishes an administrator or ender card from a voter card. Using a homebrew administrator card, a poll worker, who might not otherwise have access to the administrator functions of the Diebold system but who does have access to the voting machines before and after the elections, could gain access to the administrator controls. If a malicious voter entered an 10 administrator or ender card into the voting device instead of the normal voter card, then the voter would be able to terminate the election and, if the card is an administrator card, gain access to additional administrative controls.

It notes that the partnership aims to address the long-term needs of the agriculture and horticulture industries impotence specialist purchase 20 mg tadalafil with amex, specifically with regard to adaptation to climate change erectile dysfunction treatment in singapore order 5 mg tadalafil with visa, environmental targets and changing consumer and market demands erectile dysfunction zyrtec order tadalafil 2.5 mg on-line. A number of country reports clearly recognize base broadening as desirable and necessary erectile dysfunction due diabetes purchase tadalafil 10mg with visa, but also that it is a process that requires resources on a long-term basis and time 100 Countries were invited to indicate whether the "production area or quantity" had been strongly increasing, increasing, stable, decreasing or strongly decreasing over the preceding ten years. In this respect, the above-mentioned regional public/private partnership may be a useful model. Biotechnological techniques had evolved considerably and there was an increase in their use in plant breeding worldwide, although many breeding programmes, especially in developing countries, lacked the capacity to apply them. In general, investment in breeding programmes mirrored the economic importance of the crop species. Thus, major crops were receiving the bulk of breeding investments, although several country reports102 highlighted the importance of giving attention to underutilized crops. There appeared to have been an increase in the use of wild species in crop improvement, due in part to the increased availability of methods for transferring useful traits from them to domesticated crops. The principal traits targeted by plant breeders continued to be those related to yield of primary product per unit area. However, increasing attention was being paid to tolerance and resistance to pests, diseases and abiotic stresses. There was also reported to be an increase in farmer participation in plantbreeding activities in all regions of the world. Breeding programmes in most regions remained constrained by shortages in funding, trained unless otherwise indicated, the material presented in this subsection is based on this source. Several country reports also expressed concern about the lack of fully effective linkages between basic researchers, breeders, curators, seed producers and farmers. Breeding programmes in the dairy sector have been revolutionized in recent years by developments in genomics. The most advanced breeding programmes, particularly in the poultry, pig and, to a lesser degree, dairy sectors, tend to target only a limited number of breeds, generally originating from the temperate regions of the world. Selection criteria often encompass an increasingly wide range of traits, including those related to product quantity and quality, reproduction and health. Breeding programmes for the low-input systems of the developing world tend either to be centralized public-sector programmes or community-level initiatives of some kind, often supported by outside agencies. Establishing and sustaining breeding programmes for such systems has generally proved to be challenging. For many breeds in developing 103 the material presented in this subsection is based on the Second Report on the State of the Worlds Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (fao, 2015a). Nonetheless there appear to be upward trends in the number of breeds in developing countries covered by some of the elements or "building blocks" of breeding programmes, for example animal identification and performance recording. Use of exotic breeds to replace or cross with locally adapted breeds is a popular strategy. There is growing recognition of the value of the locally adapted breeds of developing countries, for example in addressing challenges associated with climate change. However, there are many constraints to the development of effective breeding programmes for these breeds. In addition to the limited availability of financial resources and shortfalls in human and technical capacity, organizational frameworks that enable effective participation of livestock keepers in the planning and operation of breeding programmes are often lacking. Systems and infrastructure for distribution of superior genetic material are also generally lacking, providing little incentive for entrepreneurs to enter the business of developing and marketing breeding stock. Most tree-breeding programmes aim to achieve gradual improvement of breeding populations rather than development of new varieties (exceptions include breeding of eucalyptus and poplars). However, in recent decades government agencies and the private sector have subjected a wider range of tree species to domestication and formal breeding programmes targeting the production of a variety of goods including timber, pulp, fuelwood, fruits, nuts, oils, traditional medicines, dyes, resins and thatch, as well as various service functions. In addition, tree-breeding efforts have increasingly focused on adaptabilityrelated traits, such as those conveying resistance to drought, fire, pests and diseases. The main drivers of change have included the increasing scale and unpredictability of environmental change, and new demands for trees for food and nutritional security, environmental restoration and carbon sequestration. Increasingly sophisticated approaches and technologies are being applied to tree breeding to generate faster rates of gain.